The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged all political systems, resulting in the expansion of executive power and sidelining national legislatures. This phenomenon has reinforced not only trends like hyper-presidentialism in Latin America, but also in parliamentary systems, extraordinary legislation, thereby bypassing the opposition in Parliament, as it pertains to the approval of COVID-related measures. The role of courts has also changed and all decentralized systems, in particular federalized nation-states, have undergone difficulties due to the necessary coordination between federal and state actors. Finally, several fundamental rights have come into play, from the freedom of movement to rights to privacy, health and education.